導讀:根據《經濟學人》對女性賦權的年度評估結果,在美國和其他富裕地區,商界女性正在取得長足進步,女性在董事會中的席位比例都在上升。然而,商界女性要趕上男性同行還有很長的路要走,尤其是在公司高層。而且在某些方面,商界女性的發展也落后于政界女性。
How the pandemic has affected working women
疫情給職場女性帶來了什么?
More women are climbing the corporate ladder. But more are also dropping off it
越來越多的女性攀上晉升之梯,但更多的女性跌落下來
Women in business have broken three records of late. The number of female bosses at the helm of Fortune 500 companies in America is at an all-time high of 41.
最近,商界女性打破了三項紀錄。《財富》美國500強公司中的女性 CEO 達41人。
In 2021 CVS Health, the country’s fourth-biggest firm by revenue, became the largest to be run by a woman, Karen Lynch (pictured). And for the first time, two giant businesses—Walgreens Boots Alliance, another chemist, and TIAA, a financial-services firm—are run by black women.
2021年,美國營收排名前四的西維斯健康由卡倫·林奇出任 CEO,成為女性掌舵的最大公司。與此同時,首次出現了由黑人女性領導的500強公司,包括連鎖藥店巨頭沃爾格林聯合博姿和金融服務公司 TIAA。
In America and other well-off places businesswomen are making strides, according to The Economist’s glass-ceiling index, an annual snapshot of female empowerment.
根據《經濟學人》對女性賦權的年度評估結果(玻璃天花板指數),在美國和其他富裕地區,商界女性正在取得長足進步。
Their share of board seats is rising in most places (though it has dipped since 2019 in progressive Sweden). Female boardroom representation surged in the Netherlands and Germany after they introduced mandatory quotas. But laws aren’t everything.
在大多數地區,女性在董事會中的席位比例都在上升(不過在現代化的瑞典,這一比例自2019年來有所下降)。荷蘭和德國在引入強制配額制度后,董事會中的女性比例有了大幅上升。但法律只是一方面。
The British government’s voluntary targets have also boosted the share of women on the boards of FTSE 100 companies, from 12.5% a decade ago to nearly 40%. Investors who care about environmental, social and governance factors are increasingly pressing firms to treat male and female employees equally.
英國政府的自愿目標也提高了富時100指數公司董事會中的女性占比,從十年前的12.5%提高至近40%。關注環境、社會和治理因素的投資者正日益敦促企業平等對待男性和女性員工。
Still, businesswomen have a long way to go before they catch up with their male counterparts, especially in the upper reaches of corporate hierarchies, and in some respects trail their female colleagues in politics. Men still occupy more than two in three boardroom seats in America. In South Korea, they hog more than nine in ten.
然而,商界女性要趕上男性同行還有很長的路要走,尤其是在公司高層。而且在某些方面,商界女性的發展也落后于政界女性。在美國,男性仍然占據著超過三分之二的董事會席位。在韓國,這一比例高達90%。
Women continue to earn less than their male colleagues (never mind that girls outperform boys at school across the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries). In America outcomes are worse still for women of colour, who make less than white women and are even more under represented in senior roles.
在經濟合作與發展組織(一個主要由富裕國家組成的俱樂部)成員國中,女性的收入仍然低于男性同事(盡管女孩的學業成績要優于男孩)。在美國,有色人種女性的情況更糟糕,她們不但收入低于白人女性,擔任高級職務的比例也更低。
More troubling still, too many women are dropping off the corporate ladder altogether. Although remote work made it easier for some women to combine work with family chores (still performed mostly by mothers and wives), the pandemic has pushed a disproportionate number of them out of the workforce.
更令人不安的是,太多的女性正從公司的晉升階梯上跌落。雖然遠程工作使一些女性能夠更好地兼顧工作和家務(仍然主要由母親和妻子完成),但疫情迫使大部分女性離開了勞動力市場。
Women’s labour-force participation in OECD countries declined from 65% before covid-19 first hit to 63.8% a year later. Stymying female advancement may be yet another insidious consequence of the virus.
經合組織國家的女性勞動力參與率從疫情爆發之初的65%降至一年后的63.8%。阻礙女性進步可能是新冠病毒帶來的又一個潛在惡果。
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